Peer-reviewed research, clinical guidance, and emerging evidence related to Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM).
Research findings may not apply to every pregnancy and should not be interpreted as individual medical advice or as clinical recommendations unless identified as professional clinical guidance.
Last Literature Review: September 2026
Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Consult Series #71: Management of Previable and Periviable Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes
2024 · CLINICAL GUIDANCE · SMFM · ACOG ENDORSED
Current U.S. guidance for counseling and management of previable and periviable PPROM.
View Clinical Guidance:
https://publications.smfm.org/publications/573-society-for-maternal-fetal-medicine-consult-series-71/
Increased Risk of Maternal Morbidity Associated With Previable and Periviable Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes
2025 · PRACTICE ADVISORY · ACOG
Updated guidance addressing maternal morbidity associated with previable and periviable PPROM.
View Practice Advisory:
https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-advisory/articles/2025/05/increased-risk-of-maternal-morbidity-associated-with-previable-and-periviable-preterm-prelabor-rupture-of-membranes
Care of Women with Preterm Prelabour Rupture of the Membranes Prior to 24+0 Weeks of Gestation — Scientific Impact Paper No. 76
2025 · PROFESSIONAL GUIDANCE · RCOG
Evidence review and professional guidance addressing PPROM before 24 weeks.
Preterm Prelabour Rupture of Membranes Before 23 Weeks' Gestation: Prospective Observational Study
2024 · PROSPECTIVE COHORT · MATERNAL & PERINATAL OUTCOMES
National prospective study of maternal, pregnancy, and infant outcomes following PPROM between 16+0 and 22+6 weeks.
Read Full Study:
https://bmjmedicine.bmj.com/content/3/1/e000729
Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants Exposed to Prolonged Prelabor Rupture of Membranes Before 24 Weeks of Gestation
2025 · MULTICENTER COHORT · NICHD NEONATAL RESEARCH NETWORK
U.S. multicenter study of neonatal and neurodevelopmental outcomes among extremely preterm infants exposed to prolonged PPROM before 24 weeks.
Read Full Study:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12241454/
Previable Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes Before 24 Weeks Gestation: Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes
2026 · RETROSPECTIVE COHORT · PREGNANCY & NEONATAL OUTCOMES
Contemporary cohort examining pregnancy and neonatal outcomes following PPROM before 24 weeks.
Read Full Study:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12855349/
Outpatient vs Inpatient Management of Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
2024 · SYSTEMATIC REVIEW & META-ANALYSIS
Comparison of maternal, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes associated with outpatient versus inpatient management in selected PPROM populations.
Read Full Study:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11502410/
Antibiotic Administration After Previable Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes Is Associated With Prolonged Latency
2026 · RETROSPECTIVE COHORT · ANTIBIOTICS
Study examining the association between antibiotic administration, latency, gestational age at delivery, and neonatal outcomes following PPROM between 14+0 and 21+6 weeks.
Read Full Study:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13344306/
The Microbiome Biomarkers of Pregnant Women's Vaginal Fluid for the Diagnosis of PPROM
2024 · VAGINAL MICROBIOME & DIAGNOSIS
Research examining whether patterns within the vaginal microbiome may contribute to future PPROM diagnostic tools.
Read Full Study:
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1471027/full
Evaluation of Maternal Inflammatory Biomarkers in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes
2025 · MATERNAL INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKERS
Research evaluating maternal inflammatory markers in pregnancies complicated by PPROM.
Read Full Study:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12842887/
The Microbiome Biomarkers of Pregnant Women's Vaginal Area Predict Preterm Prelabor Rupture in Western China
2024 · MICROBIOME RESEARCH
Study examining vaginal microbiome patterns and opportunistic bacteria associated with PPROM.
View on PubMed:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39544282/
Placental Inflammation in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes and Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
2025 · REVIEW · INFLAMMATION
Review of placental inflammation following PPROM and potential relationships with fetal neuroinflammation and neurodevelopment.
Read Full Study:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12248760/
Histopathological Inflammation in the Maternal and Fetal Placental Compartments After PPROM and Its Association With Subsequent Neonatal Sepsis
2025 · RESEARCH STUDY · INFLAMMATION & NEONATAL SEPSIS
Study examining placental inflammation and subsequent early-onset neonatal sepsis following PPROM.
View Study:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143400425006630
PROMISE — Impact of Maternal and Neonatal Risk Factors on the Respiratory Outcome of Extremely Preterm Infants Following PPROM in the Second Trimester of Pregnancy
2026 · RESPIRATORY OUTCOMES
Brickmann C, et al.
Contemporary research examining respiratory outcomes among extremely preterm infants following second-trimester PPROM.
Read Full Study:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13099901/
Increased Risk of Maternal Morbidity Associated With Previable and Periviable Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes
2025 · PRACTICE ADVISORY · ACOG
Review of emerging evidence regarding maternal morbidity associated with expectant management following previable and periviable PPROM.
View Practice Advisory:
https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-advisory/articles/2025/05/increased-risk-of-maternal-morbidity-associated-with-previable-and-periviable-preterm-prelabor-rupture-of-membranes
Preterm Prelabour Rupture of Membranes Before 23 Weeks' Gestation: Prospective Observational Study
2024 · PROSPECTIVE COHORT
Includes maternal morbidity and mortality outcomes following PPROM before 23 weeks.
Read Full Study:
https://bmjmedicine.bmj.com/content/3/1/e000729
Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants Exposed to Prolonged Prelabor Rupture of Membranes Before 24 Weeks of Gestation
2025 · EXTREMELY PRETERM INFANTS
Younge NE, et al.
Multicenter U.S. data examining mortality, neonatal morbidity, and neurodevelopment among extremely preterm infants following prolonged PPROM.
Read Full Study:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12241454/
Neonatal Outcomes Following Previable Rupture of Membranes Below 23 Weeks' Gestation
2025 · PPROM BELOW 23 WEEKS
Grill A, et al.
Recent cohort examining neonatal outcomes following very early PPROM.
Read Full Study:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12296744/
Previable Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes Before 24 Weeks Gestation: Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes
2026 · PPROM BEFORE 24 WEEKS
Cossart A, et al.
Examines pregnancy and neonatal outcomes and factors associated with serious neonatal complications.
Read Full Study:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12855349/
Long-Term Outcomes After Previable PPROM: Implications for Counselling at the Limit of Viability
2026 · RETROSPECTIVE COHORT · NEURODEVELOPMENT
Neurodevelopmental follow-up at 24–36 months corrected age among infants receiving active neonatal care following PPROM before 23 weeks.
Read Full Study:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13424032/
Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants Exposed to Prolonged Prelabor Rupture of Membranes Before 24 Weeks of Gestation
2025 · MULTICENTER COHORT · NICHD NEONATAL RESEARCH NETWORK
Neonatal and two-year neurodevelopmental outcomes among extremely preterm infants exposed to prolonged PPROM.
Read Full Study:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12241454/
Perinatal Outcomes of Chronic Abruption Oligohydramnios Sequence: A Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study
2025 · MULTICENTER COHORT · CAOS
Multicenter study examining pregnancy and neonatal outcomes associated with chronic abruption oligohydramnios sequence (CAOS).
Read Full Study:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12347423/
Risk Factors for Premature Rupture of Membranes in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
2024 · SYSTEMATIC REVIEW & META-ANALYSIS
Review of factors associated with PROM; includes both term PROM and PPROM populations.
Read Full Study:
https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/3/e077727
Risk of Recurrent Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes in Subsequent Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
2026 · SYSTEMATIC REVIEW & META-ANALYSIS · RECURRENCE
Meta-analysis examining recurrence of PPROM and preterm birth following a previous PPROM pregnancy.
View on PubMed:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41521062/
Biomaterials for Fetal Membrane Repair in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes: Advances in Tissue Engineering Strategies
2025 · REVIEW · EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
Review of experimental biomaterials and tissue-engineering approaches being investigated for fetal membrane repair.
Read Full Study:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12581429/
Ex Vivo Model for Assessing Fetal Membrane Integrity and Therapeutic Strategies
2026 · LABORATORY RESEARCH · EXPERIMENTAL
Human fetal-membrane model developed to study membrane integrity, injury, healing, and potential therapeutic strategies.
Read Full Study:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13183975/
Preterm Premature Rupture of the Membranes (PPROM): A Study of Patient Experiences and Support Needs
2025 · PATIENT EXPERIENCE RESEARCH
Research examining experiences with PPROM and needs related to information, communication, psychological care, and practical support.
View on PubMed:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38361489/
The PPROM Foundation provides research links for educational purposes and does not endorse a specific treatment plan or use individual research studies to predict outcomes for individual pregnancies.
Whenever possible, we link directly to open-access full-text research, professional society guidance or publicly available clinical resources so that patients, families, clinicians and researchers can review the original source.
Research is periodically reviewed and updated as new evidence becomes available.
Last updated: August 2026
